**Updated Justification:**
Given the recent information contained in the
U.S. Drought Monitor's April 25, 2024, report, there are a few key climate and environmental indicators that could potentially influence the forecast probability for July 2024 being the hottest July on record.
The report details significant improvements in drought-affected areas of the Southwest, Northern Plains, and Midwest, suggesting increased precipitation in these regions. Conversely, it highlights the deterioration of conditions in the Pacific Northwest, Eastern Plains of Colorado and Montana, and parts of the Southern Plains and South due to ongoing drought conditions. Particularly, the expansion of Abnormally Dry (D0) and Moderate Drought (D1) areas in the Pacific Northwest due to below-normal snowpack conditions suggests early signs of warming trends. Furthermore, Southern Plains like Oklahoma and Kansas experiencing drier-than-normal conditions and low stream flows indicate stressors on the environment that could contribute to higher temperatures locally.
Importantly, the report of near-normal snowpack levels in California and above-average precipitation in the Midwest could suggest a mixed impact on overall national temperature averages. Moreover, the historical context given for the Northeast Climate Region, observing its wettest December-March period on record along with being the second warmest, underscores the trend towards more extreme weather conditions, possibly inclining towards a hotter July.
Considering these nuanced regional indications, some of which suggest increased moisture and others that highlight drought conditions, the overall forecast for July 2024 being the hottest on record may be slightly influenced but not fundamentally altered. The presence of wetter conditions in some areas could mitigate the immediate impacts of widespread heatwaves, but sustained drought and above-normal temperatures in other significant regions such as the Northeast, coupled with a general warming trend, support the ongoing likelihood of high temperatures.
Therefore, while acknowledging some factors that could introduce variability in temperature outcomes, the base conditions that contribute to extreme heat — such as drier conditions in critical areas and historical temperature records — remain impactful. The overall trend towards warming, highlighted by several longer-term warmest periods on record across different regions, suggests that the probability remains high for July 2024 to be the hottest on record. However, considering the mixed signals from precipitation and drought conditions, the probability is slightly adjusted to reflect this uncertainty.
**Prediction: 0.90**